This study evaluates the workability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity and chemical leaching characteristics of concrete containing fns from garnierite ore and fly ash. Soundness and compressive strength of portland cement blended. Jis a 5015 revised march 20 1 accelerated test 2 criteria for expansion stability for road base. The results of the activities of the chromium oxides are presented in figure 3. Ferronickel definition, a ferroalloy containing up to 45 percent nickel. This paper presents the strength and durability of cement mortars using 0100% ferronickel slag fns as replacement of natural sand and 30% fly ash or ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs as cement replacement. Effect of elevated temperatures on concrete incorporating.
Oct 01, 2016 read expansion due to alkalisilica reaction of ferronickel slag fine aggregate in opc and blended cement mortars, construction and building materials on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Effect of ferronickel slag powder on microhydration heat, flow. Read expansion due to alkalisilica reaction of ferronickel slag fine aggregate in opc and blended cement mortars, construction and building materials on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Ferronickel slag is a byproduct produced when refining ferronickel from nickel ores. Expansion due to alkalisilica reaction of ferronickel. This dump slag from refining ferronickel in an acid converter has the following composition % wt.
Today, iron and steel slag is used in many fields where its unique characteristics can be put to effective use. Thermodynamic characteristics of ferronickel slag sintered. The future of nonferrous slag to 2029 in 2019 production volumes of nonferrous slag will be over 116. Idiots tree felling fails with chainsaw machine tree falls on head and house duration. Recovering magnesium from ferronickel slag by vacuum. Durability was evaluated by the changes in compressive strength and mass of. Ferritic stainless steels known as 400 series contain no ferronickel. Characteristics and reactivity of ferronickel slag powder. Melting behaviour of ferronickel slags springerlink. Valorization of ferronickel slag into refractory materials.
Process the stainless steel slag to recover the ferronickel alloy. Production and characterization of concrete paving blocks. The alloys impart distinctive qualities to steel and cast iron or serve important functions during production and are, therefore, closely associated with the iron and steel industry, the. For this purpose applied research has been and still is carried out aiming to. Ferronickel definition and meaning collins english dictionary. Potential soil contamination in areas where ferronickel. Sustainable use of ferronickel slag fine aggregate and fly.
The maximum mortar compressive strength was achieved with 50% sand replacement by fns. In the case of steelmaking slag, the slag contains metal elements such as iron in oxide form. Ferronickel slag fns is a byproduct of nickel production that is used as an alternative fine aggregate. Ni metal ferronickel stainless scrap ni fe cr do feni and scrap suppliers need to push for more transparent pricing on fe units in their products. For full text of precautionary statements see section 15. As a result of growing environmental awareness, iron and steel slag is highly regarded as a recycled material that can reduce impacts on the environment due. Fives, a recognized performer in the minerals industry, offers adapted and energy efficient combustion solutions. Table 1 summarizes the chemical composition of cement, ferronickel slag powder, blastfurnace slag powder, and fly ash used in this study. In order to accelerate the reaction of the ferronickel slag, a curing temperature of 80 c was also used. Its main composition is vitreous phase rich in sio 2 and al 2 o 3.
Fine aggregates made by cooling the molten slag produced as by product of ferronickel with water or air, and then adjusting its grading for use in concrete. Today, ferronickel plays a key role in all developed and developing economies. It is urgent to seek an efficient method for utilization of ferronickel slag. Expansion due to alkalisilica reaction of ferronickel slag. This, along with our flexible nickel ore supply, large mineral resources and reserves, high exploration potential and experienced management team, enables us to improve our position in the industry cost curve and ultimately optimizes revenues and. About 14 tonnes of granulated ferronickel slag fns is produced as a byproduct in the production process of 1 tonne of ferronickel. For that purpose, the slag was ground to a specific surface area of 4,000 cm 2 g and added in ratios 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%. The result of edx test shows that the slag sample from the reclamation area contains higher ni concentration than the new slag sample.
Slag that has been used for reclamation contains high sio 2 and mg 2 sio 6. There were increases seen in ferronickel and gypsum sales, as well as in cacao, coffee and sugar exports. Expansion of bof slag in service causes trouble on road surface. Investigations were conducted for a long time to use this hard slag as aggregate in concrete, and it was standardized in october 1992 as jis a 5011 slag aggregate for concrete. The density of these slags decreases with increasing mgo, sio 2, and fe 2 o 3 contents as well as with increasing temperature.
Properties and uses of iron and steel slag mf 1826 national slag association. Beazi a a national technical university of athens, school of chemical engineering, laboratory of analytical and. Ferronickel precisely controlling the heat flux in the kiln and lowering the energy cost of the calcining plant are important drivers in the ferronickel industry. Alkaliaggregate reactivity of ferronickelslag aggregate. From ferronickel slag to valueadded refractory materials. The converted basic slag has the following composition %. Pdf selection of optimum ferronickel grade for smelting. Due to the mechanical losses of ferronickel in the electric furnace slag, the nickel content ranges between 0. Mixed fine aggregates that are made by mixing fns fine aggregates and natural fine aggregates in a designated. This study aimed to assess the differences of characteristics between the new ferronickel slag generated from the production of nickel and the slag which had been used as a material reclamation. Abstractiligan city ferronickel smelting plant is producing more than 500,000 metric tons mt of ferronickel slag annually which are deposited in the plants premises since it has no economic value. Ferro nickel manufacturer producer and exporter of ferro.
In this paper, three kinds of ferronickel slag coarse aggregates made by the different manufacturing process, was examined to confirm the physical and chemical characteristics. Facile route for preparing refractory materials from ferronickel. Ferronickel article about ferronickel by the free dictionary. In this study, the melting behavior of synthetically produced ferronickel slags on magnesia as refractory material was determined by means of a hot stage microscope.
Wo2015015468a1 a ferronickel product and a process for. They are used in the production of steels and alloys. It has determined optical conditions for activation of a slag sorbent. The comprehensive directory provides access to full contact and ability information for sourcing professionals, engineers and researchers wishing to get information on ferronickel. At present, the ferronickel slag has become the fourth largest industrial solid waste in china with a utilization ratio of less than 10 wt%. Ferronickel production and operation as reliable and accurate data about matte and slag levels during the melting process is invaluable for good decision making and furnace process optimization, a modem and safe method of obtaining this data is a priority. Other components of blast furnace slag include alumina alsub2 o 3 and magnesium oxide mgo, as well as a small amount of sulfur s, while steelmaking slag contains iron oxide feo and magnesium oxide mgo. Ferronickel slag, find complete details about ferronickel slag,ferronickel slag from other steel products supplier or manufactureranan pol. Soundness and compressive strength of portland cement blended with ground granulated ferronickel slag. The influence of steel slag and ferronickel slag on the.
A look at nickel price bubbles and ferronickel pricing. However, a considerable amount of this byproduct is treated as waste and dumped in landfills. Specifies furthermore definition, information for ordering, control, dispatch and storage. Furthermore, laboratory tests simulating field conditions were performed in a soil chamber. Granulated fns has high density and low water absorption that makes it a suitable candidate for replacement of natural sand in concrete. Recovery of cobalt, nickel, and copper from slags, using dc. The concretes containing up to 100% fns aggregate showed no spalling and similar cracking to that of the. It is produced mostly in japan, new caledonia, and colombia. Ferronickel is usually cast on conveyor machines in ingots of 25 to 35 kg weight. The physical and the chemical losses of nickel in the slag were directly proportional to the ferronickel grade. In order to bring this part of the furnace in line with all the other. Ferronickel slag powder was mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1. Durability of mortar incorporating ferronickel slag aggregate and supplementary cementitious materials subjected to wetdry cycles ashish kumer saha and prabir kumar sarker received august 31, 2017, accepted november 10, 2017. The crude ferronickel is tapped from the furnace and refined to saleable ferronickel by conventional techniques.
The alloys impart distinctive qualities to steel and cast iron or serve important functions during production and are, therefore, closely. The primary components of iron and steel slag are limestone cao and silica sio 2. Handling of its byproducts and more precise by handling of its electric arc reduction furnaces slag, is one of the major problems the greek ferronickel industry is facing. This new study tracks and critically analyses how this market will develop across the next ten years, with forecast growth at. Conditions were adjusted to produce a ferronickel containing 15% ni. Pstatements have been reduced as per clp regulation, the full list can be found in section 15. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure tclp test was conducted on ferronickel slag to determine the concentration of heavy metals leaching. Nonferrous slags material description user guidelines for waste. The industrial manufacturing of ferronickel in electric furnaces produces large amounts of slag with strong acidic character and high melting points, which seriously stresses the furnace refractory lining. The article has investigated the composition of slag in the production of ferronickel. Conclusions the formation of ferronickel nugget from laterite was studied in the present study. The present study proposes a novel strategy for preparation of refractory materials from potentially hazardous ferronickel slag by microwave sintering of the slag with addition of sintered magnesia in which a series of chemical reactions were involved.
This study aims to analyze contamination with the use of soil reclaimed with ferronickel slag fns. Page 2 chemical and mineralogic composition chemical analyses of blastfurnace slags usually show that the four major oxides lime, magnesia, silica and alumina make up about 95% of the total. Comparison of engineering characteristics of fns ferronickel slag, sand and silt. Studies on the use of ferronickel slag as concrete aggregate have. Durability characteristics of concrete using ferronickel. Ferronickel is a ferroalloy that contains approximately 35% nickel and 65% iron. Aug 26, 20 chemical composition physical properties applications. The contamination analysis was done on these samples through a series of laboratory tests. To establish a technique to utilize a ferronickel slag as a cement substitutive material.
An increase of silica in the slag facilitates the transition of chromium into the slag from ferronickel. Ferronickel production and operation nickel pig iron production from lateritic nickel ores 1halil yildirim, 1hakan morcali, 1. Facile route for preparing refractory materials from. An analysis of slag stratification in nickel laterite. Our simple surface mining method allows for efficient processes and posts low operational risk. Pdf properties of concrete using ferronickel slag as. Main chemical composition of ferronickel slag table s1. It has shown the presence of the amorphous state and sorption properties with respect to organic matter. Ferronickel definition of ferronickel by merriamwebster. In south korea, approximately two million tons of ferronickel slag, a byproduct of the nickel industry, are produced every year. The present study reports the properties and hydration of blended cements with ferronickel slag, produced during the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites for the production of ferronickel. It is reported that 616 tons of fns are produced for one ton of nickel production. However, information regarding the durability of fns aggregate concrete is very limited in the literature. Ferronickel ingots we currently produce up to 250 mt per month.
According to the chemical composition of ferronickel slag, the possible reactions between magnesia and reducing agents are as follows. Properties of concrete incorporating ferronickel slag as. Cao 10 mol%, sio2 40 mol%, mgo 35 mol% and al2o3 15 mol%. The samples were sealed in plastic tubes and cured at 20 c. The production process of ferronickel generates an enormous amount of slag fns as a byproduct, which has potential for use as a fine aggregate in concrete. Chemical composition physical properties applications. Production and characterization of concrete paving blocks containing ferronickel slag as a substitute for aggregates n. General process diagram for copper, nickel and leadzinc slag production.
Durability characteristics of concrete using ferronickel slag fine aggregate and fly ash open pdf. This strategy was developed based on examination of the phase transformations and. This paper investigates the effect of ferronickel slag powder on microhydration heat, flow, compressive strength, and drying shrinkage of mortar. The invention relates to a process for the production of a ferronickel product from laterite ore or a concentrate made from nickel bearing laterite ore to yield the ferronickel product which contains in excess of 10% nickel when produced from limonite ore and in excess of 30% nickel when produced from saprolite ore and less than 0. Ferronickel slag fns is a byproduct produced in the process of smelting nickeliron alloy. In order to investigate any contamination due to fns disposal, soils were collected from three sites. They are tapped separately through low and high tapholes. The unit was operated at a temperature of 550 to 580 c. It is often used in making stainless steel and heat resistant steel. These vitrified slags can be of such composition that when ground to proper.
The fundamental properties of fresh concrete, the mechanical properties and the durability of hardened concrete incorporating slag as coarse aggregates were investigated. The slag does not contain any free magnesia nor crystalline silica quartz, tridymite, cristoballite. Ferronickel manufacturers, service companies and distributors are listed in this trusted and comprehensive vertical portal. Colemanite was added to the charge to decrease the physical losses in the slag and to increase nickel recovery but no positive. Process for producing a ferronickel alloy from nickel bearing. Abstract the density of feomgosio 2 and feofe 2 o 3sio 2 based slags has been analyzed in terms of smelting of lateritic ores for the production of ferronickel. Effect of ferronickel slag powder on microhydration heat. It is used in numerous applications in all sectors. Potential soil contamination in areas where ferronickel slag is. Characteristics and applications of iron and steel slag. A convenient weight, however, for us is between 200 to 600 kg.
Find here online price details of companies selling ferro nickel. In this field the c hemical composition of the slag oxides of iron. The smelting point of the slag has to be higher than the metal smelting point, because metal is heated up by using slag liquid phase. For this reason, the slag is crushed and submitted to lowintensity magnetic separation to recover the ferronickel into the magnetic product but. Production, characteristics and use of ferrochromium slags 173 2. Considering the ferronickel slag as a waste, there is a possibility that pollutant component of the slag will leach to the environment. Specifies the technical delivery requirements for various forms of ferronickel ingots, pieces, shot usually delivered to foundries and steelmelting shops. In this study, the thermodynamic characteristics of ferronickel slag sintered in the presence of magnesia additive for. It has proved effective absence of desorption of the absorbed substance. Slag includes ferronickel granules in spherical or roug h form. It is a shiny metallic solid material and can be obtained from the carbothermic reduction of serpentinic minerals, such as serpentine, limonite, or garnierite. Potential soil contamination in areas where ferronickel slag is used for reclamation work. Aug 16, 1983 the iron oxide in the sample of nickel laterite was converted to iron carbide in a laboratory 4inch fluidizedbed reactor.
Novel process of ferronickel nugget production from nickel. Ferronickel definition is a crude alloy of iron and nickel sometimes used in making nickel steel. The physical properties of fns are suitable for its use as. The feasibility of a facile technological route to preparation of refractory materials from a ferronickel slag with the addition of sintered magnesia was verified in this study based on the thermodynamics analysis and the experimental exploration of the effect of the sintered magnesia addition on the phase transformation of ferronickel slag during the sintering process. The thermodynamic calculations indicated that the amounts of newly generated highmeltingpoint forsterite and spinel phases increase with increasing temperature. A brief description of the cuttingedge technologies we use at koniambo nickels industrial complex, with an ore processing flowchart, from extraction to export. The assessment of the possibility of using slag in. Application of electric arc furnace slag alenka rastovcan mioc1, tahir sofilic2, boro mioc3 1 university of zagreb, metallurgical faculty, aleja narodnih heroja 3, 44 103 sisak 2 cmc sisak d. Ferronickel slag performance from reclamation area in. Guidelines for construction using ferronickel slag fine aggregate. Durability of mortar incorporating ferronickel slag. It can be seen that the solubility of crox in the slag is about 60 mol%, if the slag is. Mintek has been working on the recovery of cobalt, and the associated valuable metals, from slags, since 1988, using dcarc furnace technology to effect selective carbothermic reduction of the oxides of cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc, where present, while retaining the maximum possible quantity of iron as oxide in the slag. One part of ni is on nickel metal form 60 70%, the other part is in substitution of mg in the glossy magnesium silicate structure.
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